Atorvastatin is indicated for primary and secondary prevention of what condition?

Atorvastatin is primarily indicated for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This condition encompasses a range of cardiovascular issues that arise from the accumulation of plaques in arterial walls, which can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and other serious events. Cholesterol management is a key therapeutic target, and atorvastatin, as a statin, works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, thus effectively lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.

The use of atorvastatin for primary prevention is aimed at individuals who have risk factors but no established cardiovascular disease, while secondary prevention applies to those who have already experienced events such as myocardial infarctions or strokes. The benefits of reducing cholesterol levels in preventing further cardiovascular events are well supported by clinical guidelines and studies.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect the primary uses of atorvastatin. Hypertension treatment focuses on blood pressure management, diabetes is addressed through metabolic control rather than lipid manipulation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) relates to lung function rather than cardiovascular health. Thus, atorvastatin's role is distinctly pertinent to managing and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.