How does Propranolol Hydrochloride primarily exert its antihypertensive effects?

Propranolol Hydrochloride primarily exerts its antihypertensive effects by competitively blocking β-adrenergic receptors. As a non-selective beta blocker, it reduces heart rate and myocardial contractility, leading to decreased cardiac output. This reduction in heart rate is crucial in lowering blood pressure, particularly in patients with hypertension.

Additionally, by blocking β1 receptors in the heart, Propranolol decreases the force and speed of heart contractions, which further contributes to its overall anti-hypertensive effect. The action on β2 receptors may also have some vascular implications, but the primary mechanism involves the heart's rate and strength of contraction. This drug is commonly utilized not only for hypertension but also for other cardiovascular conditions, showing its versatility in managing heart-related issues.