Hydrochlorothiazide primarily works by interfering with the reabsorption of which electrolytes?

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that primarily functions by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron in the kidneys. By blocking the Na+/Cl- co-transporter in this part of the nephron, hydrochlorothiazide reduces the reabsorption of these electrolytes back into the bloodstream. This leads to an increase in the excretion of sodium and chloride in the urine, which subsequently promotes diuresis (increased urine production) and reduces fluid retention.

The importance of sodium and chloride reabsorption lies in their role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. When thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide are used, they can effectively help to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension by reducing the volume of fluid in the circulatory system.

In contrast, other options include electrolytes that are not primarily affected by hydrochlorothiazide. Potassium, for instance, is often lost as a side effect of thiazide diuretics, but it is not the targeted electrolyte for reabsorption interference. Similarly, calcium and phosphate are not primarily regulated by this medication, nor are carbonate and bicarbonate. Hence