What is the mechanism of action of Olmesartan?

Olmesartan is an antihypertensive medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Its primary mechanism of action is as a competitive antagonist of angiotensin II receptors, specifically the subtype 1 (AT1) receptors. By blocking these receptors, Olmesartan prevents the action of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that normally contributes to increased blood pressure and promotes sodium retention through the kidneys.

Through this mechanism, Olmesartan effectively leads to vasodilation, reduces blood pressure, and decreases the workload on the heart, making it useful in treating conditions like hypertension and heart failure. This selective antagonism of angiotensin II allows for a well-tolerated therapy with a favorable side effect profile compared to other antihypertensive strategies.