What is the mechanism of action for Nitrofurantoin?

Nitrofurantoin exerts its bactericidal action primarily through the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. It achieves this by being activated within the bacterial cell, leading to the formation of highly reactive intermediates that damage bacterial ribosomes. This ribosomal inactivation halts protein production, which is essential for bacterial growth and reproduction, ultimately leading to the bacteria's death.

The mechanism involves the drug being metabolized by bacterial enzymes, and the reactive metabolites generated interfere with vital cellular processes, including the synthesis of proteins needed for the bacteria's survival. This unique mechanism makes Nitrofurantoin particularly effective for treating urinary tract infections caused by specific bacteria.

The other options do not accurately reflect Nitrofurantoin's mechanism of action. Inhibition of DNA synthesis refers typically to other classes of antibiotics and is not the primary action of Nitrofurantoin. Similarly, while cell wall synthesis inhibitors are crucial in battling a range of bacteria, Nitrofurantoin does not target this function. Additionally, prevention of viral replication pertains to antiviral drugs and is unrelated to the action of Nitrofurantoin.