What is the primary bacterial action of Azithromycin?

Azithromycin primarily exerts its antibacterial action through the inhibition of protein synthesis. This macrolide antibiotic binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interfering with the translocation step in protein synthesis. By preventing bacteria from synthesizing proteins that are essential for their growth and reproduction, Azithromycin effectively stops the proliferation of the bacteria.

This action is particularly important because many bacterial species rely on protein synthesis to carry out vital functions, such as building cellular structures and enzymes. When protein synthesis is inhibited, the bacteria cannot effectively carry out these processes, leading to their eventual death or stunted growth.

Understanding this mechanism helps in the clinical use of Azithromycin, especially when treating various infections caused by susceptible bacilli. Its ability to penetrate tissues and its long half-life make it effective in treating respiratory infections and some sexually transmitted infections, among others.