What is the therapeutic classification of Guanfacine?

Guanfacine is classified as an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist. This classification is important because guanfacine works by stimulating alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system, which leads to decreased sympathetic outflow. This mechanism ultimately results in lower blood pressure and reduced heart rate, making it effective in the management of hypertension and certain psychiatric conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

In contrast, the other classifications do not accurately describe guanfacine’s pharmacological action. Beta-adrenergic blockers primarily work by blocking beta receptors, thus affecting heart rate and contractility differently. Calcium channel blockers target the channels responsible for calcium entry into the cells of the heart and blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and lowered blood pressure through a different mechanism. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors function by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a key hormone in the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure, which is also distinct from guanfacine's action. This understanding of guanfacine's classification helps in recognizing its specific use and effect compared to other drug classes.