Why must Lisinopril be avoided during pregnancy?

Lisinopril, an ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitor, falls under pregnancy category D, indicating that there is evidence of risk to the human fetus based on data from studies or post-marketing experience. This categorization signifies that the drug has been associated with adverse effects on fetal development when used during pregnancy. Specifically, exposure to Lisinopril in the second and third trimesters can lead to serious complications, including renal impairment, oligohydramnios (decreased amniotic fluid), pulmonary hypoplasia (underdeveloped lungs), and skull deformities in the newborn.

Given these significant risks associated with its use during pregnancy, healthcare providers strongly advise against the administration of Lisinopril to pregnant individuals. Understanding this categorization helps inform prescribers and patients about the potential hazards of certain medications, particularly those affecting blood pressure management during pregnancy, where consideration of both maternal and fetal health is crucial.